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BLS Algorithm
Basic Life Support Protocols
Essential BLS algorithms and emergency protocols for healthcare providers. These guidelines follow the latest American Heart Association standards for basic life support.
Adult BLS Algorithm
Step-by-Step Protocol
- 1Verify scene safety and check responsiveness
Tap shoulders firmly and shout "Are you okay?"
- 2Activate emergency response system and get AED
Call 911 or have someone else call and get AED
- 3Check pulse and breathing (≤10 seconds)
Check carotid pulse and look for normal breathing
- 4Begin CPR if no pulse or abnormal breathing
30 compressions : 2 breaths, 100-120/min, ≥2 inches deep
- 5Use AED as soon as available
Follow AED prompts, ensure no one is touching patient during shock
- 6Continue until EMS arrives or patient responds
Switch compressors every 2 minutes to prevent fatigue
Child BLS Algorithm (1 year to puberty)
Single Rescuer
- • Compression-to-ventilation ratio: 30:2
- • Compression depth: At least 2 inches (5 cm)
- • Compression rate: 100-120/min
- • Use heel of one or both hands
- • Allow complete chest recoil
Two Rescuers
- • Compression-to-ventilation ratio: 15:2
- • Switch roles every 2 minutes
- • One rescuer compressions, one ventilations
- • Minimize interruptions
- • Continuous monitoring
Infant BLS Algorithm (Less than 1 year)
Single Rescuer
- • Use 2 fingers for compressions
- • Compression depth: At least 1.5 inches (4 cm)
- • Compression-to-ventilation ratio: 30:2
- • Place fingers on lower half of breastbone
- • Just below nipple line
Two Rescuers
- • Use 2-thumb encircling hands technique
- • Compression-to-ventilation ratio: 15:2
- • Thumbs on lower half of breastbone
- • Fingers support the back
- • Switch every 2 minutes
AED Use in BLS
Adults
- • Use adult pads
- • Standard energy levels
- • Upper right and lower left placement
Children (1-8 years)
- • Use pediatric pads if available
- • Adult pads acceptable if needed
- • Anterior-posterior placement if pads touch
Infants (<1 year)
- • Manual defibrillator preferred
- • AED acceptable if no alternative
- • Use pediatric dose attenuator
Master BLS Protocols
Basic Life Support is the foundation of emergency cardiac care. Get certified in BLS to build essential life-saving skills.